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The months of the Julian year

 

The Julian calendar and its successor, the Gregorian calendar, are interesting in their construction, particularly in their naming of the months and days and their order.

Originally, under the Julian calendar, the year began with the month Martius. This month was followed by Aprilis (or Aphrilis), Maius, Iunius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, December, Ianarius, and the final month Februarius.

Let us compare with the Hebrew names found in scripture for the months:

 

Latin Name

Meaning

Hebrew Name

Meaning

Martius

Mars

Aviv

Green grain

Aprilis

Aphrodite

Ziv

Bright flowers

Maius

Mercury

Sheliyshiy

Third

Iunis

Juno

Reviy’iy

Fourth

Quintilis

Fifth

Chamiyshiy

Fifth

Sextilis

Sixth

Shiyshiy

Sixth

September

Seventh

Ethaniym

Flowing streams

October

Eighth

Bul

Rain

November

Ninth

Teshiy’iy

Ninth

December

Tenth

Asiyriy

Tenth

Ianarius

Janus

Asar Ashtay

Eleventh

Februarius

Ritual purification

Asar Shenayim

Twelfth

 

Februarius is worthy of a bit more consideration, because it was not just about ritual purification, but ritual purification of children in the fires of Molech/Moloch.

“Moloch was an old Canaanites idol, called by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians Melkarth, Baal-melech, Malcom, and other such names, and related to Baal, a sun-god worshipped, like Kronos and Saturn, by the sacrifice of children. It was represented by a brazen statue, which was hollow and capable of being heated, and formed with a bull's head, and arms stretched out to receive the children to be sacrificed. From the time of Ahaz, children were slain at Jerusalem in the valley of Ben-Hinnom, and then sacrificed by being laid in the heated arms and burned.

“...although, in the times of the later kings, children were actually given up to Moloch and  burned as slain-offerings, even among the Israelites; it by no means follows from this, that 'a passing through to Moloch,' or 'passing through the fire'... signified slaughtering and burning with fire....

“...'causing to pass through fire' denoted primarily going through the fire without burning, a februation, or purification through fire, by which the children were consecrated to Moloch; a kind of fire-baptism, which preceded the sacrificing.... [F]ebruation was practiced among the most different nations without being connected with human sacrifices; and, like most to the idolatrous rites of the heathen, no doubt the worship of Moloch assumed different forms at different times and among different nations."

Keil-Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament, vol 1, the Pentateuch (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1980), page 416-417

 

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May 19 Ivriym (Hebrews) 4:13-16 Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to give account. 14 Seeing then that we have a great High Priest, that is passed into the heavens, Yahusha the Son of Elohiym, let us hold fast our profession. 15 For we have not a High Priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. 16 Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need.